{"id":502,"date":"2018-05-29T20:39:20","date_gmt":"2018-05-29T20:39:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/?page_id=502"},"modified":"2023-04-02T12:21:06","modified_gmt":"2023-04-02T18:21:06","slug":"importance","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/about-cwic\/importance\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Are Wetlands Important?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\t<p><a name=\"top\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h1>Why Are Wetlands Important?<\/h1>\n\t<p>Wetlands perform many essential <strong>ecological functions<\/strong> in Colorado&#8217;s watersheds, from water storage to wildlife habitat. One of the most important functions for Coloradans is the role of wetlands in providing clean water. Wetland vegetation acts as a filter or sponge for water and sediment that may contain heavy metals, pesticides or fertilizers. Many Colorado wetlands also provide water storage during floods, buffering Colorado&#8217;s working lands, cities and towns from flood damage.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/06\/IMG_0380-1.jpg\" alt=\"Wetlands provide important wildlife habitat\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"418\" width=\"1595\" title=\"IMG_0380\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWetlands provide important wildlife habitat\n\t<p>By supporting clean water, and helping store water throughout the growing season, wetlands play a key role in providing water for agriculture and cities, as well as many of Colorado&#8217;s best-known recreational activities like hunting, fishing, wildlife viewing, and rafting. Wetlands also provide critical wildlife habitat. In many areas of the Intermountain West, more than 80% of wildlife species depend on wetland and riparian areas at some point in their lives. In arid climates like Colorado, where evaporation often exceeds precipitation, wetlands are irreplaceable habitats for vast numbers of ducks, shorebirds, wading birds, cranes, and raptors that either breed or stopover in wetlands during migration.<\/p>\n\t<h2>Colorado Wetland Functions<\/h2>\n\t<p>Wetlands provide a large number of functions across the state. We&#8217;ve provided summaries for some of the most well-documented wetland functions below.<\/p>\n<p>   Click a link below for details.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href='#conservationBioAnchor'>Conservation of Biodiversity<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href='#AmphibianHabitatAnchor'>Amphibian Habitat<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href='#invertebrateHabitatAnchor'>Aquatic Invertebrate Habitat<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href='#shorebirdAnchor'>Shorebird Habitat<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href='#WaterfowlHabitatAnchor'>Waterfowl Habitat<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href='#BankStabilizationAnchor'>Bank and Shoreline Stabilization  <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href='#FloodAttenuationAnchor'>Flood Attenuation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href='#GroundwaterRechargeAnchor'>Groundwater Recharge<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href='#SedimentAnchor'>Sediment Capture and Retention<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href='#StreamFlowAnchor'>Stream Flow Maintenance<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href='#CarbonAnchor'>Carbon Sequestration and Storage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href='#MetalRemovalAnchor'>Metal Removal and Storage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href='#NitrogenAnchor'>Nitrogen Uptake and Transformation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href='#PhosphorusAnchor'>Phosphorus Removal and Storage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href='#TemperatureAnchor'>Temperature Regulation<\/a><\/li>\n      \t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/06\/handwerk_epipactis_gigantea_species.jpg\" alt=\"Rare wetlands orchid, Epipactis gigantea. Jill Handwerk, CNHP.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"468\" width=\"687\" title=\"Epipactis gigantea\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRare wetlands orchid, <i>Epipactis gigantea<\/i>. Jill Handwerk, CNHP.\n\t<a name=\"conservationBioAnchor\"><\/a>\n<h2>\n   Conservation of Biodiversity <\/h2><p><a href=\"#top\">Back to top <\/a><\/p>\n<!--Top text -->\n\nWetlands are located at the interface between terrestrial and aquatic environments, and are often hotspots for a diverse array of terrestrial and aquatic wildlife and plants, including rare species. Biodiversity, or the presence of the full suite of organisms capable of inhabiting a given environment,\nis a critical part of maintaining Colorado&#8217;s wetland and terrestrial ecosystems into the future. \n\n<!--Hidden text-->\n<div style=\"margin-right:10px;\" class=\"margin-top-10 margin-bottom-10\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"conservationBioDivDiv\"> \n\nIn the web of living organisms, each species is tied to many other species, and removing one \nspecies-from a tiny aquatic invertebrate to a large carnivore-may have rippling direct and\nindirect effects on the rest of the ecosystem. Often, these effects include an ecosystem&#8217;s ability to\nsustain the clean water and natural resources that we depend on to meet our basic needs. Biodiversity also \nprovides aesthetic values, and many of our essential Colorado landscapes are tied to specific communities of\nplants, animals, and other organisms.\n\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"move-right bold-text\" style=\"float:left;width:100%;\" id=\"conservationBioDivp\"> Read <span id=\"conservationBioDivText\">more<\/span> <i id=\"conservationBioDivIcon\" class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/p><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\/* Read More and Read Less Function for the div*\/\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(\"#conservationBioDiv\").click(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tvar displayValue = document.getElementById(\"conservationBioDivDiv\").style.display;\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t   if (displayValue ==\"block\"){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"conservationBioDivp\").style.color = \"#000000\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"conservationBioDivDiv\").style.display = \"none\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"conservationBioDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"conservationBioDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"conservationBioDivText\").innerHTML = \"more\";\r\n\t\t\t   }else{\r\n\t\t\t\t   \tdocument.getElementById(\"conservationBioDivp\").style.color = \"#919191\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"conservationBioDivDiv\").style.display = \"block\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"conservationBioDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"conservationBioDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"conservationBioDivText\").innerHTML = \"less\";\r\n\t\t\t   }\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/09\/Northern-Leopard-Frog_Keith_Penner.jpg\" alt=\"Northern leopard frog. Keith Penner.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"995\" width=\"1280\" title=\"Northern Leopard Frog_Keith_Penner\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNorthern leopard frog. Keith Penner. \n\t<a name=\"AmphibianHabitatAnchor\"><\/a>\n<h2>\n   Amphibian Habitat <\/h2><p><a href=\"#top\">Back to top <\/a><\/p>\n<!--Top text -->\n\nWetlands provide breeding, foraging, and overwintering habitat for Colorado&#8217;s 17 species of native amphibians.\nAll of Colorado&#8217;s amphibians require temporary or permanent standing water for breeding habitat, but many \nspecies spend the remainder of the year in adjacent terrestrial habitats. \n\n<!--Hidden text-->\n<div style=\"margin-right:10px;\" class=\"margin-top-10 margin-bottom-10\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"AmphibianHabitatDivDiv\"> \n\nSome species, or individuals of a species, retain juvenile characteristics (neotenic larvae) and spend multiple years in standing water.\nColorado&#8217;s frogs, toads, and salamanders consume a variety of aquatic and terrestrial organisms for food, from aquatic insects, worms, \ncrustaceans, mollusks, and other invertebrates to small vertebrates and sometimes algae and plants. Amphibians have highly absorbent \nskin, and are particularly sensitive to water quality, including the presence of excess nutrients (eutrophication), \npesticides and other synthetic chemicals, along with land use\/management adjacent to the full range of habitats that they utilize \nthroughout the year. Boreal toads populations have also been greatly reduced by the chytrid fungus (<em>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis<\/em>), \nwhich is widespread across the toad&#8217;s Colorado range.\n\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"move-right bold-text\" style=\"float:left;width:100%;\" id=\"AmphibianHabitatDivp\"> Read <span id=\"AmphibianHabitatDivText\">more<\/span> <i id=\"AmphibianHabitatDivIcon\" class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/p><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\/* Read More and Read Less Function for the div*\/\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(\"#AmphibianHabitatDiv\").click(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tvar displayValue = document.getElementById(\"AmphibianHabitatDivDiv\").style.display;\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t   if (displayValue ==\"block\"){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"AmphibianHabitatDivp\").style.color = \"#000000\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"AmphibianHabitatDivDiv\").style.display = \"none\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"AmphibianHabitatDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"AmphibianHabitatDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"AmphibianHabitatDivText\").innerHTML = \"more\";\r\n\t\t\t   }else{\r\n\t\t\t\t   \tdocument.getElementById(\"AmphibianHabitatDivp\").style.color = \"#919191\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"AmphibianHabitatDivDiv\").style.display = \"block\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"AmphibianHabitatDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"AmphibianHabitatDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"AmphibianHabitatDivText\").innerHTML = \"less\";\r\n\t\t\t   }\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/09\/SusansPurse-making-Caddisfly_Dave-Ruiter-USFWS.jpg\" alt=\"Susan's purse-making caddisfly. Dave Ruiter, USFWS.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"450\" width=\"600\" title=\"SusansPurse-making Caddisfly_Dave Ruiter USFWS\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSusan&#8217;s purse-making caddisfly. Dave Ruiter, USFWS.\n\t<a name=\"invertebrateHabitatAnchor\"><\/a>\n<h2>\n  Aquatic Invertebrate Habitat<\/h2><p><a href=\"#top\">Back to top <\/a><\/p>\n<!--Top text -->\n\nAquatic invertebrates, including insect larvae, inhabit wetland habitats from mountain streams to\nvegetated ponds in the plains. Larval and adult invertebrates are a critical food source for fish (including trout and \nother recreationally important species), amphibians, reptiles, shorebirds, wading birds, ducks and other waterfowl, mammals, and other\nwetland-dependent species, and often help break down leaves, wood, algae, and other material in streams and other aquatic environments.\n\n<!--Hidden text-->\n<div style=\"margin-right:10px;\" class=\"margin-top-10 margin-bottom-10\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"invertebrateHabitatDivDiv\"> \n\nDepending on the duration of standing water, and other habitat characteristics like water chemistry and vegetation type, each wetland or\nwaterbody may host an entirely different, yet diverse community of aquatic invertebrates. The types of invertebrates present in a wetland or \nwaterbody are often used as an indicator of water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen, etc.), and other habitat characteristics like the \ndegree to which the natural hydrologic regime (including the magnitude, duration, frequency, rate of rise and recession, and variability in \nflows or water levels) has been altered by human water management.\n\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"move-right bold-text\" style=\"float:left;width:100%;\" id=\"invertebrateHabitatDivp\"> Read <span id=\"invertebrateHabitatDivText\">more<\/span> <i id=\"invertebrateHabitatDivIcon\" class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/p><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\/* Read More and Read Less Function for the div*\/\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(\"#invertebrateHabitatDiv\").click(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tvar displayValue = document.getElementById(\"invertebrateHabitatDivDiv\").style.display;\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t   if (displayValue ==\"block\"){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"invertebrateHabitatDivp\").style.color = \"#000000\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"invertebrateHabitatDivDiv\").style.display = \"none\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"invertebrateHabitatDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"invertebrateHabitatDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"invertebrateHabitatDivText\").innerHTML = \"more\";\r\n\t\t\t   }else{\r\n\t\t\t\t   \tdocument.getElementById(\"invertebrateHabitatDivp\").style.color = \"#919191\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"invertebrateHabitatDivDiv\").style.display = \"block\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"invertebrateHabitatDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"invertebrateHabitatDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"invertebrateHabitatDivText\").innerHTML = \"less\";\r\n\t\t\t   }\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/09\/Long-billed-Curlew-by-Brian-Tang.jpg\" alt=\"Long-billed Curlew - Laguna Atoscosa NWR, Texas. Brian Tang.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"2336\" width=\"3020\" title=\"Long-billed Curlew\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLong-billed Curlew &#8211; Laguna Atoscosa NWR, Texas. Brian Tang.\n\t<a name=\"shorebirdAnchor\"><\/a>\n<h2>\n  Shorebird Habitat<\/h2><p><a href=\"#top\">Back to top <\/a><\/p>\n<!--Top text -->\n\nShorebirds like sandpipers, plovers, and curlews use a variety of Colorado wetland habitats from lake shores to river sand bars and playas. Most Colorado shorebirds are migratory species, and rely on Colorado wetlands and adjacent grassland habitats to rest, forage, and sometimes nest between seasonal flights across state and international boundaries. \n\n<!--Hidden text-->\n<div style=\"margin-right:10px;\" class=\"margin-top-10 margin-bottom-10\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"shorebirdDivDiv\"> \n\nWhile shorebirds can often coexist with agricultural and ranching activities, they are sensitive to wetland and grassland conversion and loss (including woody species encroachment), impacts to insect prey from insecticides, human disturbance, and factors that increase their exposure to native and non-native predators. In addition to being an important part of Colorado&#8217;s wetland ecosystems, these avian travelers often benefit Colorado&#8217;s rural communities when birders flock to local wildlife areas to observe shorebirds during migration.\n\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"move-right bold-text\" style=\"float:left;width:100%;\" id=\"shorebirdDivp\"> Read <span id=\"shorebirdDivText\">more<\/span> <i id=\"shorebirdDivIcon\" class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/p><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\/* Read More and Read Less Function for the div*\/\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(\"#shorebirdDiv\").click(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tvar displayValue = document.getElementById(\"shorebirdDivDiv\").style.display;\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t   if (displayValue ==\"block\"){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"shorebirdDivp\").style.color = \"#000000\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"shorebirdDivDiv\").style.display = \"none\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"shorebirdDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"shorebirdDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"shorebirdDivText\").innerHTML = \"more\";\r\n\t\t\t   }else{\r\n\t\t\t\t   \tdocument.getElementById(\"shorebirdDivp\").style.color = \"#919191\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"shorebirdDivDiv\").style.display = \"block\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"shorebirdDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"shorebirdDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"shorebirdDivText\").innerHTML = \"less\";\r\n\t\t\t   }\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/09\/Blue_winged_Teal_Tom_Koerner_USFWS.jpg\" alt=\"Blue-winged Teal. Tom Koerner, USFWS.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"2265\" width=\"3029\" title=\"Blue_winged_Teal_Tom_Koerner_USFWS\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBlue-winged Teal. Tom Koerner, USFWS.\n\t<a name=\"WaterfowlHabitatAnchor\"><\/a>\n<h2>\n  Waterfowl Habitat<\/h2><p><a href=\"#top\">Back to top <\/a><\/p>\n<!--Top text -->\n\nColorado&#8217;s wetlands provide important stopover habitat during spring and fall migration, \nalong with habitat for overwintering and breeding ducks and geese. \n\n<!--Hidden text-->\n<div style=\"margin-right:10px;\" class=\"margin-top-10 margin-bottom-10\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"WaterfowlHabitatDivDiv\"> \n\nSeasonal and permanently inundated wetlands provide waterfowl habitat across Colorado&#8217;s diverse landscapes, \nfrom agricultural areas in intermountain valleys like North Park and the San Luis Valley to riverine wetlands \nalong the South Platte as it flows through the eastern plains and montane beaver complexes. Key habitat elements \ninclude submerged and emergent aquatic vegetation (interspersed with open water), along with other food sources like \ninvertebrates, seeds and grains. Waterfowl provide prey for raptors and other wildlife, \nas well as hunting and other recreational (birding) resources for humans.\n\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"move-right bold-text\" style=\"float:left;width:100%;\" id=\"WaterfowlHabitatDivp\"> Read <span id=\"WaterfowlHabitatDivText\">more<\/span> <i id=\"WaterfowlHabitatDivIcon\" class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/p><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\/* Read More and Read Less Function for the div*\/\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(\"#WaterfowlHabitatDiv\").click(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tvar displayValue = document.getElementById(\"WaterfowlHabitatDivDiv\").style.display;\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t   if (displayValue ==\"block\"){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"WaterfowlHabitatDivp\").style.color = \"#000000\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"WaterfowlHabitatDivDiv\").style.display = \"none\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"WaterfowlHabitatDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"WaterfowlHabitatDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"WaterfowlHabitatDivText\").innerHTML = \"more\";\r\n\t\t\t   }else{\r\n\t\t\t\t   \tdocument.getElementById(\"WaterfowlHabitatDivp\").style.color = \"#919191\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"WaterfowlHabitatDivDiv\").style.display = \"block\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"WaterfowlHabitatDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"WaterfowlHabitatDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"WaterfowlHabitatDivText\").innerHTML = \"less\";\r\n\t\t\t   }\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/09\/ALNRUP_Cover_photo.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial view of the Tarryall Creek riparian and stream restoration site. Mark Beardsley, EcoMetrics.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"3000\" width=\"4000\" title=\"DCIM100MEDIADJI_0017.JPG\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAerial view of the Tarryall Creek riparian and stream restoration site. Mark Beardsley, EcoMetrics.\n\t<a name=\"BankStabilizationAnchor\"><\/a>\n<h2>\nBank and Shoreline Stabilization<\/h2><p><a href=\"#top\">Back to top <\/a><\/p>\n<!--Top text -->\n\nVegetated wetlands help to minimize lake shoreline and stream bank erosion from wave action and flowing water \nby stabilizing soil and sediment, and reducing the velocity of flowing water along lake or channel margins. \n\n<!--Hidden text-->\n<div style=\"margin-right:10px;\" class=\"margin-top-10 margin-bottom-10\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"stabilizationDivDiv\"> \n\nThe ability of wetlands to stabilize banks and shorelines depends on many environmental factors, \nincluding vegetation density, rooting depth, strength and structural complexity of vegetation \n(e.g., multi-layered vegetation canopies with a mixture of woody and emergent herbaceous plants),\nsoil and\/or sediment composition and structure, amount and distribution of bare soil and sediment, \ndegree of soil and plant disturbance (e.g., from livestock or wild ungulate grazing), and the degree of \nalteration of the natural flow regime (streams), surface water levels (lakes and ponds), or wave action.\n\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"move-right bold-text\" style=\"float:left;width:100%;\" id=\"stabilizationDivp\"> Read <span id=\"stabilizationDivText\">more<\/span> <i id=\"stabilizationDivIcon\" class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/p><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\/* Read More and Read Less Function for the div*\/\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(\"#stabilizationDiv\").click(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tvar displayValue = document.getElementById(\"stabilizationDivDiv\").style.display;\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t   if (displayValue ==\"block\"){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"stabilizationDivp\").style.color = \"#000000\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"stabilizationDivDiv\").style.display = \"none\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"stabilizationDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"stabilizationDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"stabilizationDivText\").innerHTML = \"more\";\r\n\t\t\t   }else{\r\n\t\t\t\t   \tdocument.getElementById(\"stabilizationDivp\").style.color = \"#919191\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"stabilizationDivDiv\").style.display = \"block\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"stabilizationDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"stabilizationDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"stabilizationDivText\").innerHTML = \"less\";\r\n\t\t\t   }\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/06\/PF002.jpg\" alt=\"Riparian vegetation holds back flood waters. CNHP Staff.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"3000\" width=\"4000\" title=\"PF002\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRiparian vegetation holds back flood waters. CNHP Staff.\n\t<a name=\"FloodAttenuationAnchor\"><\/a>\n<h2>\nFlood Attenuation<\/h2><p><a href=\"#top\">Back to top <\/a><\/p>\n<!--Top text -->\n\nMany types of wetlands store and delay water during rain storms or spring snowmelt, which can \nreduce and delay flood peaks and extend the overall duration of elevated stream flow. \n\n<!--Hidden text-->\n<div style=\"margin-right:10px;\" class=\"margin-top-10 margin-bottom-10\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"floodDivDiv\"> \n\nThese wetlands can help save human lives and property downstream, buffer aquatic ecosystems from \nextreme peak flows, and store water during drier periods following floods. Wetlands with the \ngreatest potential to attenuate flood flows include floodplain wetlands, and basins and ponds with \navailable water storage capacity during peak runoff or flooding. Some headwater wetlands, including \nslope wetlands that are saturated during runoff or flooding events, may increase flood peaks during larger \nstorm events, but delay surface runoff with vegetation during smaller storms.\n\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"move-right bold-text\" style=\"float:left;width:100%;\" id=\"floodDivp\"> Read <span id=\"floodDivText\">more<\/span> <i id=\"floodDivIcon\" class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/p><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\/* Read More and Read Less Function for the div*\/\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(\"#floodDiv\").click(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tvar displayValue = document.getElementById(\"floodDivDiv\").style.display;\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t   if (displayValue ==\"block\"){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"floodDivp\").style.color = \"#000000\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"floodDivDiv\").style.display = \"none\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"floodDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"floodDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"floodDivText\").innerHTML = \"more\";\r\n\t\t\t   }else{\r\n\t\t\t\t   \tdocument.getElementById(\"floodDivp\").style.color = \"#919191\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"floodDivDiv\").style.display = \"block\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"floodDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"floodDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"floodDivText\").innerHTML = \"less\";\r\n\t\t\t   }\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/09\/HaydenWetland.jpg\" alt=\"Kettle pond near Hayden, CO. Sarah Marshall, CNHP.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"1536\" width=\"2048\" title=\"HaydenWetland\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKettle pond near Hayden, CO. Sarah Marshall, CNHP.\n\t<a name=\"GroundwaterRechargeAnchor\"><\/a>\n<h2>\nGroundwater Recharge<\/h2><p><a href=\"#top\">Back to top <\/a><\/p>\n<!--Top text -->\n\nGroundwater recharge, or downward flow of water through the soil to replenish groundwater \naquifers, is a commonly cited wetland function that varies over space and time due to \nfactors like underlying geology, soil type, surface water depth, depth to impermeable \nsoil or rock layers, regional and local groundwater flow paths, and wetland \nwater sources, outflows, and evapotranspiration rates \n(surface water evaporation + transpiration by plants). \n\n<!--Hidden text-->\n<div style=\"margin-right:10px;\" class=\"margin-top-10 margin-bottom-10\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"RechargeDivDiv\"> \n\nMany of Colorado&#8217;s wetlands are groundwater discharge systems, as opposed to \nrecharge-dominated systems, during all or part of the year. Select Colorado \nwetlands recharge local alluvial aquifers during all or part of the year \n(e.g., floodplain wetlands, many beaver complexes, and some irrigated wetlands), \nor other local and regional aquifers during spring snowmelt (e.g., kettle ponds) or \nsummer monsoons (e.g., playas).\n\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"move-right bold-text\" style=\"float:left;width:100%;\" id=\"RechargeDivp\"> Read <span id=\"RechargeDivText\">more<\/span> <i id=\"RechargeDivIcon\" class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/p><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\/* Read More and Read Less Function for the div*\/\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(\"#RechargeDiv\").click(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tvar displayValue = document.getElementById(\"RechargeDivDiv\").style.display;\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t   if (displayValue ==\"block\"){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"RechargeDivp\").style.color = \"#000000\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"RechargeDivDiv\").style.display = \"none\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"RechargeDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"RechargeDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"RechargeDivText\").innerHTML = \"more\";\r\n\t\t\t   }else{\r\n\t\t\t\t   \tdocument.getElementById(\"RechargeDivp\").style.color = \"#919191\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"RechargeDivDiv\").style.display = \"block\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"RechargeDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"RechargeDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"RechargeDivText\").innerHTML = \"less\";\r\n\t\t\t   }\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/09\/IMG_4705.jpg\" alt=\"Bear track in sediment along a stream near Kremmling, CO. Sarah Marshall, CNHP.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"2448\" width=\"3264\" title=\"IMG_4705\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBear track in sediment along a stream near Kremmling, CO. Sarah Marshall, CNHP.\n\t<a name=\"SedimentAnchor\"><\/a>\n<h2>\nSediment Capture and Retention<\/h2><p><a href=\"#top\">Back to top <\/a><\/p>\n<!--Top text -->\n\nSoil erosion and sediment transport are natural processes that are \noften altered or accelerated by land and water management (e.g., stream bank and \nchannel erosion due to reduced sediment loads in streams and rivers \ndownstream of dams, or soil erosion from tilled soil). Vegetated wetlands can \nstabilize soil and sediment to limit erosion, or intercept and physically filter \nsediment particles entrained in surface runoff or stream flow. \n\n<!--Hidden text-->\n<div style=\"margin-right:10px;\" class=\"margin-top-10 margin-bottom-10\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"SedimentDivDiv\"> \n\nExcess sediment in streams can be detrimental to aquatic organisms that depend on \ngravel and cobble beds that are free of fine sediment (including spawning trout \nand many aquatic invertebrates), and costly for water providers to remove from \nin-stream reservoirs used to store drinking and irrigation water. The ability of \nwetlands to capture and retain sediment has both positive and negative consequences \nfor wetland ecosystems. Most riverine wetland plant communities, including willow \nthickets in beaver complexes, have evolved to survive and thrive in dynamic environments, \nincluding periodic sediment scouring and deposition associated with floods. \nPlayas and other natural wetland basins may have some natural sediment deposition, \nbut can be filled by excess sediment in surface runoff from surrounding areas with \ntilling and other soil disturbance. Montane and subalpine fens and mires are relatively \nstable environments, and may be lost if large volumes of sediment are deposited by soil \nerosion or landslides (e.g., from a catastrophic wildfire).\n\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"move-right bold-text\" style=\"float:left;width:100%;\" id=\"SedimentDivp\"> Read <span id=\"SedimentDivText\">more<\/span> <i id=\"SedimentDivIcon\" class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/p><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\/* Read More and Read Less Function for the div*\/\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(\"#SedimentDiv\").click(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tvar displayValue = document.getElementById(\"SedimentDivDiv\").style.display;\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t   if (displayValue ==\"block\"){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"SedimentDivp\").style.color = \"#000000\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"SedimentDivDiv\").style.display = \"none\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"SedimentDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"SedimentDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"SedimentDivText\").innerHTML = \"more\";\r\n\t\t\t   }else{\r\n\t\t\t\t   \tdocument.getElementById(\"SedimentDivp\").style.color = \"#919191\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"SedimentDivDiv\").style.display = \"block\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"SedimentDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"SedimentDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"SedimentDivText\").innerHTML = \"less\";\r\n\t\t\t   }\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/09\/IMG_4501.jpg\" alt=\"Headwater stream in the Holy Cross Wilderness, CO. Sarah Marshall, CNHP.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"3264\" width=\"2448\" title=\"IMG_4501\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHeadwater stream in the Holy Cross Wilderness, CO. Sarah Marshall, CNHP.\n\t<a name=\"StreamFlowAnchor\"><\/a>\n<h2>\nStream Flow Maintenance<\/h2><p><a href=\"#top\">Back to top <\/a><\/p>\n<!--Top text -->\n\nHeadwater wetlands collect and store water from precipitation, snowmelt, surface runoff, \nand groundwater seeps and springs that is then discharged to streams and rivers \nduring the growing season, or throughout the year. \n\n<!--Hidden text-->\n<div style=\"margin-right:10px;\" class=\"margin-top-10 margin-bottom-10\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"StreamFlowDivDiv\"> \n\nOften, wetlands help maintain stream base flows and cool water temperatures into \nthe late summer and fall. These base flows sustain fish and other aquatic organisms,\nalong with human water uses from fishing and whitewater boating to drinking water \nand irrigation.\n\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"move-right bold-text\" style=\"float:left;width:100%;\" id=\"StreamFlowDivp\"> Read <span id=\"StreamFlowDivText\">more<\/span> <i id=\"StreamFlowDivIcon\" class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/p><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\/* Read More and Read Less Function for the div*\/\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(\"#StreamFlowDiv\").click(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tvar displayValue = document.getElementById(\"StreamFlowDivDiv\").style.display;\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t   if (displayValue ==\"block\"){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"StreamFlowDivp\").style.color = \"#000000\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"StreamFlowDivDiv\").style.display = \"none\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"StreamFlowDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"StreamFlowDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"StreamFlowDivText\").innerHTML = \"more\";\r\n\t\t\t   }else{\r\n\t\t\t\t   \tdocument.getElementById(\"StreamFlowDivp\").style.color = \"#919191\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"StreamFlowDivDiv\").style.display = \"block\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"StreamFlowDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"StreamFlowDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"StreamFlowDivText\").innerHTML = \"less\";\r\n\t\t\t   }\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/05\/IMG_0802.jpg\" alt=\"Wetlands soil core. Joanna Lemly, CNHP.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"1200\" width=\"1600\" title=\"Wetlands soil core. Joanna Lemly, CNHP.\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWetlands soil core. Joanna Lemly, CNHP.\n\t<a name=\"CarbonAnchor\"><\/a>\n<h2>\nCarbon Sequestration and Storage<\/h2><p><a href=\"#top\">Back to top <\/a><\/p>\n<!--Top text -->\n\nCarbon storage in wetlands is a complex phenomenon that varies across geographic areas, climates, and time (seasonal or longer time periods). Wetlands often store a \ndisproportionately large volume of carbon for their relatively small area on the \nlandscape, but can also be sources of methane and other greenhouse gases. \n\n<!--Hidden text-->\n<div style=\"margin-right:10px;\" class=\"margin-top-10 margin-bottom-10\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"CarbonDivDiv\"> \n\nThe ability of wetlands to sequester carbon in the form of soil organic matter, \nsediment, and biomass (roots, woody plants, etc.) depends on growing season length \n(influenced by elevation and climate), the balance between production and \ndecomposition of organic matter, degree of soil and vegetation disturbance, \nthe duration (and depth) of soil or sediment saturation and inundation, soil \ntemperature, and other environmental factors. In general, least-altered wetlands \nhave the greatest potential to store carbon. Fens and beaver complexes are two \ntypes of Colorado wetlands that provide abundant carbon storage relative to forests \nand other adjacent terrestrial ecosystems. Wetlands with altered groundwater levels, \nsuch as drained fens, often become carbon sources rather than sinks when stored\ncarbon is oxidized.\n\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"move-right bold-text\" style=\"float:left;width:100%;\" id=\"CarbonDivp\"> Read <span id=\"CarbonDivText\">more<\/span> <i id=\"CarbonDivIcon\" class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/p><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\/* Read More and Read Less Function for the div*\/\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(\"#CarbonDiv\").click(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tvar displayValue = document.getElementById(\"CarbonDivDiv\").style.display;\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t   if (displayValue ==\"block\"){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"CarbonDivp\").style.color = \"#000000\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"CarbonDivDiv\").style.display = \"none\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"CarbonDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"CarbonDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"CarbonDivText\").innerHTML = \"more\";\r\n\t\t\t   }else{\r\n\t\t\t\t   \tdocument.getElementById(\"CarbonDivp\").style.color = \"#919191\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"CarbonDivDiv\").style.display = \"block\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"CarbonDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"CarbonDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"CarbonDivText\").innerHTML = \"less\";\r\n\t\t\t   }\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/09\/acid_springs_cement_creek_co_Briant-Kimball_USGS.jpg\" alt=\"Influx of metal-rich groundwater from natural springs (foreground) to Cement Creek, Colorado (background). Briant Kimball, USGS.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"1200\" width=\"1600\" title=\"acid_springs_cement_creek_co_Briant Kimball_USGS\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tInflux of metal-rich groundwater from natural springs (foreground) to Cement Creek, Colorado (background). Briant Kimball, USGS.\n\t<a name=\"MetalRemovalAnchor\"><\/a>\n<h2>\nMetal Removal and Storage<\/h2><p><a href=\"#top\">Back to top <\/a><\/p>\n<!--Top text -->\n\nMetals are naturally present in soils and rock formations, but often a concern for \nwater quality in Colorado streams, rivers, lakes, and wetlands due to historic and \ncurrent mining and industrial activities, as well as runoff from urban land use. \nMany of our state&#8217;s streams and rivers are on the 303(d) list of impaired waterways \nfor metals like lead, arsenic, zinc, iron, uranium, and cadmium. Wetlands near\nmining areas and other sources often intercept and store metals in their soil,\nwhich can improve downstream water quality.\n\n<!--Hidden text-->\n<div style=\"margin-right:10px;\" class=\"margin-top-10 margin-bottom-10\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"MetalRemovalDivDiv\"> \n\nThese metals are detrimental to fish and other aquatic life, as well as recreational and \nwater supply uses. The ability of wetlands to remove and store metals is highly dependent\non factors like pH, temperature, and substrate (e.g., soil vs. sediment and organic vs.\nmineral soil). Wetland soils with a high organic matter content, including peat-forming\nfens and mires, and certain types of clay particles, generally have the highest capacity\nfor adsorbing metals (referred to as cation exchange capacity). Overall, wetlands are most \neffective in removing total metals (solids) than removing dissolved metals, and may often \nbe sources of dissolved metals depending on their hydroperiod, hydrologic regime, water \ninflows and outflows (including dissolved metals and metals adsorbed to suspended sediment \nand soil particles), pH, temperature, and history of metal loading.\n\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"move-right bold-text\" style=\"float:left;width:100%;\" id=\"MetalRemovalDivp\"> Read <span id=\"MetalRemovalDivText\">more<\/span> <i id=\"MetalRemovalDivIcon\" class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/p><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\/* Read More and Read Less Function for the div*\/\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(\"#MetalRemovalDiv\").click(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tvar displayValue = document.getElementById(\"MetalRemovalDivDiv\").style.display;\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t   if (displayValue ==\"block\"){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"MetalRemovalDivp\").style.color = \"#000000\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"MetalRemovalDivDiv\").style.display = \"none\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"MetalRemovalDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"MetalRemovalDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"MetalRemovalDivText\").innerHTML = \"more\";\r\n\t\t\t   }else{\r\n\t\t\t\t   \tdocument.getElementById(\"MetalRemovalDivp\").style.color = \"#919191\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"MetalRemovalDivDiv\").style.display = \"block\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"MetalRemovalDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"MetalRemovalDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"MetalRemovalDivText\").innerHTML = \"less\";\r\n\t\t\t   }\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/06\/LA-F010-Ducks-3.jpg\" alt=\"Marsh wetland habitat. CNHP Staff.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"3000\" width=\"4000\" title=\"LA-F010 Ducks (3)\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMarsh wetland habitat. CNHP Staff.\n\t<a name=\"NitrogenAnchor\"><\/a>\n<h2>\nNitrogen Uptake and Transformation<\/h2><p><a href=\"#top\">Back to top <\/a><\/p>\n<!--Top text -->\n\nSome Colorado wetlands are local and regional hotspots for denitrification (nitrate removal) and \nprocessing other forms of nitrogen. This wetland function has become even more important as humans have increased \nthe amount of available nitrogen in the environment through fertilizer application, atmospheric deposition, animal waste, and septic systems. \n\n<!--Hidden text-->\n<div style=\"margin-right:10px;\" class=\"margin-top-10 margin-bottom-10\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"NitrogenDivDiv\"> \n\nAs one of several limiting nutrients in most ecosystems, excess nitrogen can lead \nto eutrophication of waterbodies (and associated algal blooms), altered plant \ncommunity composition, and drinking water contamination (especially with nitrate-nitrogen). \nTerrene and riparian wetlands that excel at\nremoving nitrate have sufficient soil carbon (for denitrifying bacteria), are \nintercepting flow (and have higher soil water residence time for that flow), \nand have reducing conditions in the soil when water passes through the system.\n\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"move-right bold-text\" style=\"float:left;width:100%;\" id=\"NitrogenDivp\"> Read <span id=\"NitrogenDivText\">more<\/span> <i id=\"NitrogenDivIcon\" class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/p><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\/* Read More and Read Less Function for the div*\/\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(\"#NitrogenDiv\").click(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tvar displayValue = document.getElementById(\"NitrogenDivDiv\").style.display;\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t   if (displayValue ==\"block\"){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"NitrogenDivp\").style.color = \"#000000\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"NitrogenDivDiv\").style.display = \"none\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"NitrogenDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"NitrogenDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"NitrogenDivText\").innerHTML = \"more\";\r\n\t\t\t   }else{\r\n\t\t\t\t   \tdocument.getElementById(\"NitrogenDivp\").style.color = \"#919191\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"NitrogenDivDiv\").style.display = \"block\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"NitrogenDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"NitrogenDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"NitrogenDivText\").innerHTML = \"less\";\r\n\t\t\t   }\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/06\/EM001.jpg\" alt=\"Cattails growing within an emergent marsh. CNHP Staff.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"2448\" width=\"3264\" title=\"EM001\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCattails growing within an emergent marsh. CNHP Staff.\n\t<a name=\"PhosphorusAnchor\"><\/a>\n<h2>\nPhosphorus Removal and Storage<\/h2><p><a href=\"#top\">Back to top <\/a><\/p>\n<!--Top text -->\n\nPhosphorus is a key limiting nutrient in many aquatic and terrestrial systems, \nand in excess, can cause eutrophication and associated algal blooms in surface water. Many Colorado wetlands capture and store (temporary or long-term)\nphosphorus (P) from sources like fertilizer, animal waste, septic systems, and bank erosion (P bound to soil and sediment particles).\n\n<!--Hidden text-->\n<div style=\"margin-right:10px;\" class=\"margin-top-10 margin-bottom-10\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"PhosphorusDivDiv\"> \n\nThe ability of wetlands \nto remove and store P depends on a complex array of biogeochemical, hydrologic, \nand biological processes. Phosphorus is often bound to soil and sediment particles, \nso this function is correlated with sediment retention and capture. In general, \nwetlands are better at capturing particulate P than removing and storing \ndissolved forms of P.\n\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"move-right bold-text\" style=\"float:left;width:100%;\" id=\"PhosphorusDivp\"> Read <span id=\"PhosphorusDivText\">more<\/span> <i id=\"PhosphorusDivIcon\" class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/p><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\/* Read More and Read Less Function for the div*\/\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(\"#PhosphorusDiv\").click(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tvar displayValue = document.getElementById(\"PhosphorusDivDiv\").style.display;\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t   if (displayValue ==\"block\"){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"PhosphorusDivp\").style.color = \"#000000\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"PhosphorusDivDiv\").style.display = \"none\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"PhosphorusDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"PhosphorusDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"PhosphorusDivText\").innerHTML = \"more\";\r\n\t\t\t   }else{\r\n\t\t\t\t   \tdocument.getElementById(\"PhosphorusDivp\").style.color = \"#919191\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"PhosphorusDivDiv\").style.display = \"block\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"PhosphorusDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"PhosphorusDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"PhosphorusDivText\").innerHTML = \"less\";\r\n\t\t\t   }\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2018\/06\/PF006.jpg\" alt=\"Cottonwood gallery forest along the South Platte River. CNHP Staff.\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"3000\" width=\"4000\" title=\"PF006\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCottonwood gallery forest along the South Platte River. CNHP Staff.\n\t<a name=\"TemperatureAnchor\"><\/a>\n<h2>\nTemperature Regulation<\/h2><p><a href=\"#top\">Back to top <\/a><\/p>\n<!--Top text -->\n\nMany of Colorado&#8217;s fish and other aquatic organisms occupy narrow thermal niches within \nstreams and waterbodies. Water temperatures that are too high in the summer and fall \ncan often lead to trout and other cold water fish mortality and increased susceptibility \nto disease, as well as allowing competition from non-native fish species.\n\n<!--Hidden text-->\n<div style=\"margin-right:10px;\" class=\"margin-top-10 margin-bottom-10\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display:none;\" id=\"TemperatureDivDiv\"> \n\nWetlands help maintain low surface water temperatures during the growing season in \nseveral key ways. First, many headwater wetlands are subsurface flow-through systems \n(including wetlands that intercept seeps and springs) that augment summer and fall \nbase flows with cool groundwater. Second, wetlands collect and store surface water \n(including snowmelt), often in the subsurface, which can then be slowly released to \nstreams and other waterbodies throughout the growing season. Finally, trees, shrubs, \nand other dense wetland vegetation can physically shade surface water-especially on \nsmaller streams. Riparian forested wetlands and shrublands (including willow carrs \nand lowland willow thickets) often provide dense shade over surface water.\n\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"move-right bold-text\" style=\"float:left;width:100%;\" id=\"TemperatureDivp\"> Read <span id=\"TemperatureDivText\">more<\/span> <i id=\"TemperatureDivIcon\" class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/p><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t   <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t\/* Read More and Read Less Function for the div*\/\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tjQuery(\"#TemperatureDiv\").click(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tvar displayValue = document.getElementById(\"TemperatureDivDiv\").style.display;\r\n\t\t\t   \r\n\t\t\t   if (displayValue ==\"block\"){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"TemperatureDivp\").style.color = \"#000000\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"TemperatureDivDiv\").style.display = \"none\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"TemperatureDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"TemperatureDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"TemperatureDivText\").innerHTML = \"more\";\r\n\t\t\t   }else{\r\n\t\t\t\t   \tdocument.getElementById(\"TemperatureDivp\").style.color = \"#919191\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"TemperatureDivDiv\").style.display = \"block\";\r\n\t\t\t\t    document.getElementById(\"TemperatureDivIcon\").classList.remove(\"fa-angle-double-right\");\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"TemperatureDivIcon\").classList.add(\"fa-angle-double-up\")\r\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById(\"TemperatureDivText\").innerHTML = \"less\";\r\n\t\t\t   }\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t});\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/script>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why Are Wetlands Important? Wetlands perform many essential ecological functions in Colorado&#8217;s watersheds, from water storage to wildlife [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":495,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-502","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","5":"entry","6":"override"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/502","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=502"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/502\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/495"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnhp.colostate.edu\/cwic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}